Learning Design: Interactive Multimodal Environments

“The most effective learning environments are those that combine verbal and non-verbal representations of knowledge using mixed-modality presentations.” (Mayer & Moreno, 2007) Multimodal learning environments involve both the auditory and visual sensory modalities of the learner. Interactivity, the characteristic of multidirectional communication, has the ability to further increase learning in a multimodal environment. Along a continuum of interactivity, learning environments can range from highly interactive to non-interactive. Based on the knowledge construction view of learning, interactive multimodal learning environments “guide [the] learner to actively make sense of the instructional materials”, toward promoting “deep cognitive processing.” (Mayer & Moreno, 2007)

Mayer & Moreno list the 5 types of interactivity as:
Dialoguing- ask question/ receive answer or give answer/ receive feedback
Controlling- determine pace and/or order of presentation
Manipulating- control parameters, zoom in or out, move on screen objects
Searching- find new content material through query, range of options, and selection
Navigating- select content areas from various available information sources

Clark & Mayer list several principles for multimodal learning as:
Contiguity- Present text and graphics in an integrated fashion
Redundancy - Avoid on screen text and simultaneous narration
Coherence - Avoid content inessential to instructional goal
Personalization- Use conversational style
Segmenting - Break complex lessons into segments
Pre-training - Elliminate extraneous processing by providing some material in advance

Reference:
Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. (2007). Interactive multimodal learning environments. Educational Psychology Review, 19, 309–326.

Clark, R., and Mayer, R. (2007). e-Learning and the Science of Instruction. 2nd edition. San Francisco: Pfeiffer.

Learning Design: Activities

There are 3 types of activites ISDs need to incorporate in virtual learning programs: Absorb, Do, and Connect. Ask yourself, what knowledge does the learner need to absorb? What skills does the learner need to do/perform? What area of life does the learner need to connect the knowledge and skills to?

Absorbing information can be done through presentations, storytelling, reading,and/or real or virtual field trips. Multimedia is often a great way to engage students in order to be sure they process given information. Use PPt, videos, podcasts, live lecture and discussion, or a live demonstration.

Do activities transform absorbed information into knowledge and skills through practice, hands on tasks, and teamwork. Learners can discover trends and principles through case study and role playing. Simulated environments can help learners make decisions and take action.

Connect newly found skills to real life by thinking deeply, researching, and referencing the application of knowledge. Learners are encouraged to openly consider the impact, context, and concept involved in their studies. They summarize and evaluate information, consult various resources, and create original work and ideas of their own.

Recommeded Activity Allocation
Absorb (extract and comprehend knowledge) - 40%
Do (excersize/automate/explore acquired abilites)- 50%
Connect (trigger conceptual breakthroughs/ relate to prior learning)- 10%

Reference
Currently reading: E-learning by Design By William Horton
Online @ http://www.horton.com/portfolioactivities.aspx